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Background: Despite steady decline in the age of diagnosis (AOD) at the global level, it has not declined uniformly, and marked disparities are documented by income, education, race, and access to health care. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to examine the urban/rural disparities in the initial age of autism diagnosis and to understand the interplay of the underlying demographic and social factors. Methods: A retrospective case record review of all children who received their initial diagnosis of autism at the Pediatric Psychology Clinic (1997–2018) of a tertiary advanced pediatric center at Chandigarh was conducted. Astructured abstraction data form was used to extract demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical information from the files maintained at the clinic. Results: A total of 1321 case records were examined. The mean AOD was 4.62 years (standard deviation = 2.38) and children from rural communities were diagnosed at 4.87 years, nearly 0.35 years later than urban children (t = 2.47, P = 0.013). Results indicated that 31.1% of the variance in the AOD for children from rural areas was predicted by two variables, namely the number of children in the family and total Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score (F = 13.62, P = 0.001). For the urban sample, three variables emerged as significant predictors including the number of children in the family, total CARS score, and maternal education and these together explained 20.2% of the variance in the AOD (F = 19.60, P = 0.001). Conclusion: The public health system must be sensitized to the unmet needs of the marginalized socioeconomic groups to access diagnostic and management services in a timely manner.
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Objective: To understand the incidence of pneumoconiosis in the non-coal mining industry in Jiangsu Province, and provide reference for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in the non-coal mining industry. Methods: The data of 7019 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients in non-coal mining industry in Jiangsu Province from January 1956 to December 2019 were collected through the Jiangsu Province Pneumoconiosis Follow-up Network Report System, including the gender of the pneumoconiosis patients, the name of the employer and the location, the industry classification of the employer, the duration of dust exposure in dust exposure, the name of occupational pneumoconiosis disease, the date of diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, etc. The collected case data of patients with pneumoconiosis were entered into the statistical software, and the characteristics of the patients' diagnosis time, region and industry were analyzed. Results: The number of confirmed pneumoconiosis patients in the non-coal mining industry in Jiangsu Province was mostly in 2007 (395 cases) , concentrated in Wuxi City (40.96%, 2875/7019) and Suzhou City (27.72%, 1946/7019) . The industries to which the patients belonged were mainly non-metallic mining and dressing (60.95%, 4278/7019) , and the most common type of pneumoconiosis was silicosis (96.40%, 6766/7019) . The patients were mainly stageⅠpneumoconiosis (61.33%, 4305/7019) . There were statistically significant differences in the mean age of diagnosis and the average duration of dust exposure among patients with different pneumoconiosis stages (P<0.01) . The differences in the average diagnosis age and the average duration of dust exposure of patients with different types of pneumoconiosis were statistically significant (P<0.05) , the mean age of diagnosis and the average duration of dust exposure of electric welders were the smallest, which were (44.92±7.74) years old and (17.38±10.15) years, respectively. Conclusion: The regional and industry distribution characteristics of new pneumoconiosis patients in the non-coal mining industry in Jiangsu Province are obvious, and attention should be paid to the treatment of pneumoconiosis patients with young diagnosed age and short duration of dust exposure, as well as the personal protection and health protection of front-line workers such as electric welders who are exposed to productive dust in a short period of time.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Coal Mining , Dust , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology , Silicosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La intervención precoz en el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) ha demostrado ser fundamental para un mejor pronóstico a largo plazo. Se han descrito importantes latencias entre la pesquisa de sintomatología y el diagnóstico, retardando el inicio de terapia. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar el tiempo entre la pesquisa de alteración del neurodesarrollo por parte de los cuidadores y el diagnóstico de TEA. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados con TEA en el Centro de Terapia del Comportamiento. RESULTADOS: 28 pacientes (24 hombres) con diagnóstico de TEA. Mediana de edad de inicio de síntomas de 24 meses y de diagnóstico de 62,5 meses. No existe una correlación entre la edad de pesquisa de síntomas y del diagnóstico (r2=0,1). CONCLUSIONES: No hubo relación entre edad de pesquisa de síntomas por los cuidadores y diagnóstico de TEA. Este estudio refleja la necesidad de ampliar el conocimiento poblacional sobre sintomatología temprana de TEA, siendo una herramienta de salud pública para lograr el manejo precoz y mejorar el pronóstico de estos sujetos.
INTRODUCTION: Early intervention in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has shown to be essential for better long-term prognosis. Significant delays have been described between symptom assessment and diagnosis, deferring therapy initiation. OBJECTIVE: To relate the moment of symptom detection by caregivers and the medical diagnosis of ASD. METHODOLOGY: Observational retrospective study, including patients diagnosed with ASD at a private behavioral therapy center. Results: 28 patients (24 male) with diagnosis of ASD. Median age of symptom assessment was at 24 months and of diagnosis at 62.5 months. There is no relation between the age of symptoms assessment and diagnosis (r2 = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between the age at which symptoms were detected by caregivers and medical diagnosis of ASD. This study reflects the need to increase the awareness about early symptoms of ASD, being a public health tool to achieve early management and improve the prognosis of these subjects.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Caregivers , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Referral and Consultation , Time Factors , Retrospective Studies , Age of Onset , Delayed DiagnosisABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate trends of mean age of diagnosis for liver cancer during 2000 to 2014, which may provide basic information for making feasible cancer prevention strategies.@*Methods@#Based on the continuous cancer incidence data from 22 cancer registries of China between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2014, the incidence by birth-cohort (year of birth between 1925 and 1994) and age specific incidence rates were calculated. The incidence of different age groups were also calculated. World Segi's population was used for age standardization. The liner regression model was applied to analyze the changing trend of mean age of diagnosis.@*Results@#In 2014, the incidence rate for population with 80 years older and above was 108.21 per 100 000, whereas the rate for population at 30-39 years old was 5.09 per 100 000. But the mean age of diagnosis for liver cancer showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2014. For male, it had increased from 58.80 to 62.35 (t=18.70, P<0.001) . For female, it had increased from 64.02 to 68.99 (t=20.50, P<0.001) . After age standardization, the mean age of diagnosis still showed increasing trend. Meanwhile, the proportion of liver cancer in people above 70 years old was 25.05% in 2014, which was higher than that in 2000 (22.49%).@*Conclusion@#The mean age of liver cancer incidence was increasing during 2000-2014.